Embracing Nature’s Airborne Wonders: Epiphytes in Living Infrastructure

In the realm of living infrastructure, where the interplay between urban design and natural beauty thrives, a group of plants known as epiphytes are making a significant impact. These enchanting flora, renowned for their ability to flourish without soil, are redefining the way we perceive and integrate greenery into our urban spaces

What are Epiphytes?

Epiphytes, often referred to as “air plants,” are a captivating group of plants that have evolved to grow on other surfaces, such as trees, rocks, and even man-made structures. Unlike traditional plants that draw sustenance from the soil, epiphytes extract nutrients and moisture from the air and rain that surrounds them. This unique adaptation allows them to thrive in diverse environments, from tropical rainforests to urban rooftops and play a major role in our greenwall and EcoPillow planting designs.

Epiphytes employ various strategies to anchor themselves and capture moisture and nutrients. Some species develop specialised structures that cling to their chosen substrates, while others have trichomes—tiny hair-like structures—that aid in water absorption. This adaptability has granted them the ability to survive in regions where soil is scarce or nutrient availability is limited, making them the perfect solution for homes or commercial spaces with restricted greenspace.

Epiphytes in Living Infrastructure: A Perfect Fit

Epiphytes are the epitome of harmonising nature with urban architecture. As the living infrastructure movement gains momentum, these remarkable plants are carving a niche for themselves within this dynamic space. Their unique growth habits and low-maintenance requirements make them an ideal choice for adorning vertical walls, covering rooftops, and breathing life into indoor spaces.

One of the key advantages of incorporating epiphytes into living infrastructure projects is their ability to enhance biodiversity in urban settings. By introducing these plants into the built environment, designers and architects can create microhabitats that support various species of insects and birds. This contributes to a healthier ecosystem and promotes a sense of connection to nature for city dwellers.

Mark Paul, Horticulturist and Founder of The Greenwall Company says, “Epiphytes represent a fusion of nature’s resilience and artistic beauty. At The Greenwall Company, we’re driven by the belief that nature has the power to transform and elevate urban spaces. Epiphytes embody this philosophy, demonstrating that sustainable design can be both aesthetically pleasing and ecologically sound. These plants offer an exciting palette to work with, allowing us to create living artworks that inspire and captivate.”

As urban spaces continue to expand, integrating nature becomes paramount in fostering a balanced and livable environment. Epiphytes, with their ability to thrive without soil and their diverse array of species, provide a novel solution to this challenge. Their presence not only enriches the visual appeal of living infrastructure but also supports a healthier ecosystem within our cities.

Exploring Lithophytes: Nature’s Living Art for Green Infrastructure

In the world of green infrastructure, where nature seamlessly blends with urban landscapes, one group of plants stands out for its remarkable adaptability and aesthetic charm: lithophytes. These unique botanical wonders are capturing the attention of architects, designers, and nature enthusiasts alike, adding a touch of greenery to even the most unconventional spaces.

What are Lithophytes?

Lithophytes, often referred to as “rock plants,” are a fascinating group of plants that have evolved to grow on rocks, stones, and other hard surfaces. Unlike traditional plants that draw nutrients and moisture from soil, lithophytes have adapted to extract what they need from the air, rain, and debris that collect around them. This remarkable adaptation has enabled them to thrive in some of the harshest environments, from rocky mountainsides to urban rooftops.

Lithophytes have developed specific mechanisms to anchor themselves to rocks and surfaces while also efficiently absorbing water and nutrients. Some species even create tiny root structures that act as anchors, allowing them to hold onto their chosen substrate. Their ability to thrive in minimal soil and nutrient conditions showcases their incredible resilience.

Why Lithophytes Matter in Green Infrastructure

Lithophytes are not only captivating to behold but in urban environments where space is at a premium, these plants present an innovative solution to incorporate nature into the built world. Whether adorning vertical walls or covering barren rooftops, lithophytes create living tapestries that purify the air, reduce the urban heat island effect, and contribute to biodiversity.

Incorporating lithophytes into green infrastructure projects can transform otherwise sterile spaces into vibrant ecosystems. By embracing these remarkable plants, designers and architects can foster a sense of connection to nature and encourage biodiversity in areas where traditional landscaping might not be feasible.

Mark Paul, Horticulturist and Founder of The Greenwall Company says “At The Greenwall Company, we’ve always been passionate about pushing the boundaries of green design and urban sustainability. Lithophytes exemplify the kind of innovation that excites us. These plants not only challenge our preconceptions about where and how plants can grow, but they also bring a touch of natural beauty to spaces that might otherwise remain untouched by greenery. Their adaptability and ability to thrive in challenging conditions make them a perfect fit for our living infrastructure projects.”

As the world continues to urbanise, the integration of nature into cityscapes becomes increasingly vital. Lithophytes offer an inspiring solution, proving that even the most unlikely places can become thriving ecosystems. Their unique growth habits and visual allure add a layer of intrigue to any green infrastructure project, sparking conversations about the possibilities of blending the natural and built environments.

Lightweight greenroofs: Eco Pillows letting mother nature sleep easy

Picture this – a rooftop covered in a lush, vibrant greenery, harmoniously blending with the surrounding landscape, while giving Mother Nature a cozy place to rest. Lightweight greenroofs, or as we like to call them “Eco Pillows,” are taking the world of sustainable architecture by storm. These innovative greenroof systems offer a plethora of benefits, from their remarkable versatility to their eco-friendly nature. Let’s dive into the world of lightweight greenroofs and explore how they are revolutionizing rooftop greening and urban sustainability.

Unleashing Versatility: From Windows to Carports

One of the most exciting aspects of lightweight greenroofs is their remarkable versatility. Unlike traditional heavy greenroof systems, Eco Pillows are lightweight and adaptable, making them ideal for a variety of applications. Whether it’s beautifying the outlook of a window, greening a carport, or enhancing a sloped roof, lightweight greenroofs can seamlessly integrate with various architectural designs, adding a touch of natural charm to any space.

Imagine waking up every morning and looking out your window to see a captivating green vista. Eco Pillows can be easily installed over windowsills, transforming ordinary views into breathtaking landscapes. Additionally, they serve as an ideal solution for covering carports, creating a lush and welcoming entrance to your home or building. Moreover, on sloped roofs where traditional greenroof systems might be challenging to install, lightweight greenroofs come to the rescue, providing an eco-friendly and visually appealing solution.

Ease and Mobility: Moving Green Spaces

Traditional greenroof systems often require significant structural support due to their weight, which limits their mobility and flexibility. However, with Eco Pillows, green spaces become moveable and easily adaptable to changing needs weighing only 60kg/m2. The lightweight nature of these greenroof systems allows for quick installation, and they can be effortlessly relocated to another part of the building or even to a new location altogether.

This mobility opens up exciting possibilities for temporary green installations, such as pop-up gardens, event spaces, or mobile urban greening initiatives. Furthermore, lightweight greenroofs are ideal for retrofitting existing buildings where heavy greenroof systems might be impractical. They offer an excellent opportunity to add greenery to urban environments without imposing excessive structural demands on buildings.

Building Light, Living Green: Eco-Friendly Materials

Environmental consciousness lies at the core of lightweight greenroofs. Our Eco Pillows are constructed using 95% recycled materials, making them a sustainable choice for rooftop greening. The use of recycled materials not only reduces waste but also minimises the carbon footprint, contributing to a greener and more eco-friendly world.

Additionally, the lightweight nature of these greenroof systems requires less structural support, which translates to reduced consumption of resources during construction. The combination of recycled materials and reduced resource usage makes lightweight greenroofs a powerful tool in promoting sustainable architecture and eco-friendly urban development.

Strength in Simplicity: Easy Installation and Maintenance

Lightweight greenroofs are designed for ease of installation and maintenance. Their simple and modular design allows for straightforward installation, reducing the time and effort required during the setup process. Furthermore, the moveable nature of Eco Pillows means they can be installed or relocated quickly and efficiently, saving both time and resources.

Maintenance of lightweight greenroofs is also hassle-free. The modular design allows for easy access to individual units, making inspections, watering, and any necessary upkeep a breeze. These low-maintenance greenroof systems enable property owners to enjoy the benefits of a green roof without significant ongoing efforts or costs.

Lightweight greenroofs, affectionately known as Eco Pillows, are transforming the landscape of sustainable architecture. Their exceptional versatility, mobility, and eco-friendly features make them an ideal choice for rooftop greening in various urban settings. From enhancing the view from windows to covering carports and sloped roofs, Eco Pillows let Mother Nature sleep easy, providing her with a cozy, sustainable space to rest and flourish.

Green Gabions: Planters of the Future

In the quest for sustainable urban environments, architects and designers are constantly exploring innovative ways to incorporate greenery into our cities. Among the array of eco-friendly solutions, we have created the Green Gabions. Made from galvanised steel mesh, these lightweight gabions feature recycled inorganic media with the containment fabric made from recycled materials, plus they come with drip irrigation included.

1. Merging Functionality with Beauty: The Green Facade

Green Gabions are essentially a marriage of two concepts – gabions and green facades. Traditional gabions are wire mesh cages filled with rocks, often used for erosion control and retaining walls. On the other hand, green facades are vertical gardens attached to buildings, offering numerous environmental benefits such as improved air quality, temperature regulation, and enhanced aesthetics. Green Gabions cleverly combine the structural integrity of gabions with the lush greenery of green facades, resulting in an attractive and eco-friendly solution for urban greening.

2. Lightweight Versatility Unleashed: Beyond Retaining Walls

One of the key features that set Green Gabions apart is their exceptional versatility. While traditional planters are heavy and cumbersome or fixed to the ground, Green Gabions modular in design, standalone planter boxes, or even as green barriers to enhance privacy and aesthetics in outdoor spaces. Their flexibility opens up exciting possibilities for greening various urban areas, from parks and plazas to rooftops and building facades.

3. Sustainable Urban Landscapes: A Green Solution

Green Gabions are not just aesthetically pleasing; they also contribute to sustainable urban landscapes. By incorporating greenery into our cities, we can combat the negative effects of urban heat islands, reduce air pollution, and promote biodiversity. These planters act as natural air purifiers, absorbing pollutants and carbon dioxide while releasing oxygen, creating a healthier and more pleasant environment for residents and visitors alike. Green Gabions can serve as a habitat for birds, insects, and other wildlife, enriching urban biodiversity and fostering a deeper connection with nature.

4. Aesthetics and Functionality in Harmony

The marriage of form and function is a defining characteristic of Green Gabions. These planters seamlessly blend aesthetic beauty with practical functionality, making them an excellent choice for architects and urban designers seeking to enhance the visual appeal of their projects while incorporating sustainable features. The green facades created by the lush plantings of Green Gabions add a touch of natural elegance to the built environment, softening the harsh edges of concrete and steel and creating a welcoming and refreshing urban oasis.

Our low maintenance Plant Gabions are available in six different sizes but can also be created to bespoke dimensions and shapes where required. Each gabion is constructed in Australia using recycled materials including broken down PET bottles and our patented media. The centre plants are planted first and then the casing is also planted to create a lush design no matter what the space or size. 

Green Gabion facts: 

  • Galvanised steel mesh gabion 
  • Lightweight recycled inorganic media 
  • All containment fabrics are recycled 
  • Drip irrigation included 
  • All bespoke in design and plant pallet 
  • No traditional soil used, patented soilless media made of 97% recycled materials only 
  • Minimal maintenance due to media used and plant selection 

By embracing Green Gabions, architects and urban planners can create not only functional and visually appealing spaces but also environmentally friendly and biodiverse urban landscapes. These planters of the future pave the way to a greener, healthier, and more sustainable future for our cities, where nature and architecture coexist in harmony, benefitting both residents and the planet.

5 Essential Tips for Indoor Vertical Gardens

Elevate Your Indoor Space

Green walls, also known as living walls or vertical gardens, have taken the world of interior design by storm, bringing the beauty of nature into our indoor spaces. These living artworks not only add a touch of lush greenery but also offer a myriad of benefits, from improving air quality to promoting a sense of well-being. If you’re considering creating an indoor greenwall, we’ve got you covered with five essential tips to ensure your vertical garden thrives and becomes a stunning centrepiece in your home or office.

  1. Mastering the Art of Lighting

You may not know, but light is the lifeblood of plants. Providing the correct lighting is vital for the success of your indoor greenwall and research has shown that plants need the right spectrum of light to effectively photosynthesise, which directly impacts their health and growth. Before you invest in and indoor greenwall you you’ll need to assess the lighting required and then invest in specialised grow lights or work with natural light sources to ensure your plants receive the illumination they need to thrive. This is measured in Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density (PPFD) and as a rule of thumb, a minimum of 35 PPFD is required for plant health, with some species requiring more. Healthy plants mean happier people, as the greenery contributes to a more positive and calming atmosphere.

  1. Tailoring to Your Indoor Environment

Selecting the right plants for your greenwall is crucial to its long-term success. Collaborate with greenwall professionals and horticulturists who understand the unique requirements of your indoor space. Remember, there’s no such thing as a typical “indoor plant.” Only some plants can tolerate lower light conditions, so be flexible with your planting palette and trust the expertise of your horticulturist. The right plant selection will ensure your indoor greenwall flourishes and remains a captivating sight year-round. Peperomia genus is an example of a versatile, resilient low light tolerant genus to work with.

  1. Maintenance as a forethought

Think ahead and engage those who will be working on your systems in early concept design phase. There is still a lot of misconceptions in the markets as to how greenwalls can be maintained. Adequate space to maintain, safely and efficiently are key. Increasing the height of your greenwall beyond a safe ladder distance (can be as low as 2.5m, depending on the environment) means you will need to consider maintenance from ropes or an Elevated Work Platform (EWP).

  1. Breathing Life into Your Vertical Garden

In nature, plants benefit from natural air movement, which facilitates CO2 reduction and helps disperse vital nutrients. In order to mimic this natural air flow in your indoor greenwall to promote plant health and create a dynamic living environment, we work with you. This may involve directing aircon ducts toward the greenwall to enhance air circulation or creating a more conducive growing environment via additional elements. It’s important to that proper air flow will increase access to light for plants lower on the wall, ensuring every part of your greenwall thrives.

  1. Setting the Foundation for Success

The choice of growing media is fundamental for the longevity and health of your vertical garden. Media with organics are great on the ground, and do offer a large range of plant varieties but know the media will break down overtime and need replacing, increasing your maintenance cost (OPEX). We will only ever use inorganic growing media, which does not break down over time, while micronutrients provide a stable and nourishing foundation for your plants. Plus our patented media leads the way in sustainable practices, using 95% recycled material, something no one else can claim. By choosing environmentally friendly options, you contribute to a greener future while ensuring your greenwall flourishes for years to come.

Indoor greenwalls are more than just a decorative addition to your space; they bring life and vitality to your surroundings. By mastering the art of lighting, selecting the right plants, planning for the future, ensuring proper air flow, and using sustainable growing media, you can cultivate a flourishing indoor oasis that uplifts your environment and enriches your well-being. Embrace the beauty and benefits of greenwalls, and let nature’s magic thrive within your walls.

5 Reasons we need more Greenroofs in our urban landscape.

As our cities continue to expand and urbanisation reaches unprecedented levels, the detrimental effects of urban heat islands and environmental degradation become more pronounced. It is imperative that we seek innovative and sustainable solutions to counteract these issues. One of these options is greenroofs! Our rooftops represent 21–26% of urban areas and 40–50% of their impermeable areas (Wong, 2005; Dunnett & Kingsbury, 2004). Rooftop gardens offer a multitude of benefits that not only mitigate the urban heat island effect but also positively impact air and water quality, biodiversity, and overall urban resilience – plus they provide a great outlook.

Let’s delve into five compelling reasons why we urgently need more greenroofs in urban landscapes in Australia.

  1. Tackling the Urban Heat Island Effect

Urban heat islands are a consequence of excessive heat retention in built-up areas, leading to higher temperatures compared to surrounding rural regions. This phenomenon exacerbates heatwaves and has severe consequences for public health, energy consumption, and urban ecosystems. Greenroofs act as a natural thermal insulator, reducing the amount of heat absorbed by buildings and their immediate surroundings. Research from Germany has shown that greenroofs can lower rooftop temperatures by up to 50°C during hot summer days, significantly mitigating the urban heat island effect.

  1. Enhancing Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services

Incorporating greenroofs into our urban landscape creates unique opportunities for fostering biodiversity corridors through our cities. These rooftop gardens provide essential habitats for various plants, insects, and birds that struggle to find a place in our concrete-dominated cities. Biodiversity not only improves the overall health of ecosystems but also enhances urban resilience to climate change impacts and pest management. Research studies have demonstrated the positive impacts of greenroofs on biodiversity, showing an increase in the abundance and diversity of native species.

  1. Promoting Air and Water Quality Improvement

Greenroofs play a vital role in improving air quality by filtering pollutants and capturing particulate matter from the atmosphere. The vegetation on greenroofs absorb and capture carbon dioxide, while the plants root system captures and consumes the harmful particulate matter that the water washes out of the atmosphere. Additionally, the natural evapotranspiration process from the plants helps cool the air. Moreover, greenroofs act as effective stormwater management systems, reducing the initial storm load flow and preventing urban drainage systems being overwhelmed. The plants and soil on greenroofs trap and retain rainwater, which is gradually released or absorbed, minimizing runoff and pollutants entering water bodies.

  1. Utilising Recycled and Sustainable Materials

Our greenroof systems can are constructed using a variety of eco-friendly and recycled materials, in fact 95% of the materials are recycled from here in Australia, reducing the demand for resource-intensive construction components and overseas shipping of recycled waste. Implementing sustainable practices during the installation of greenroofs further lessens the environmental footprint of urban development. By promoting the use of recycled materials and environmentally conscious construction methods, we can support a more circular and sustainable economy.

  1. Enhancing Building Energy Efficiency

The thermal insulation properties of greenroofs extend beyond mitigating the urban heat island effect. By reducing the heat absorbed by buildings, greenroofs aid in maintaining comfortable indoor temperatures, reducing the need for excessive air conditioning during hot weather. This, in turn, leads to decreased energy consumption, contributing to overall building energy efficiency and potentially lowering greenhouse gas emissions.

To recap, greenroofs offer a multitude of benefits that address the pressing environmental challenges faced by urban landscapes today. By mitigating the urban heat island effect, enhancing biodiversity, improving air and water quality, utilising sustainable materials, and promoting building energy efficiency, greenroofs prove to be an indispensable component of resilient and sustainable cities. As we look towards the future of urban development, embracing greenroofs should be a priority for planners, architects, and policymakers to create healthier, greener, and more liveable urban environments.

Reference:

Wong (2005) Green roofs and the Environmental Protection Agency’s heat island reduction initiative Proc. of 3rd North American Green Roof Conference: Greening Rooftops for Sustainable Communities, Washington, DC. 4–6 May 2005, The Cardinal Group, Toronto

Dunnett, N., & Kingsbury, N. (2010). Planting green roofs and living walls. Portland: Timber Press.

 

Pseudo Greenwalls the eco way to green space

Greenwalls and green roofs have significantly grown in popularity in recent times, especially with the growing trend towards green living. With their undeniable aesthetic appeal and the numerous environmental and health benefits they possess, it is hard to put fault on this new phenomenon. Our pseudo greenwalls are environmentally and eco-friendly, made from 95% recycled materials. They are the most affordable way green indoor and outdoor spaces.

Our greening solutions are not just limited to panel greenwalls applied to the surface of a wall. There are many more options and styles for different purposes that most people aren’t aware of. They can be both indoor and outdoor, on roofs, garden beds to even hanging installations from ceilings, all of which are low maintenance and can accommodate different tastes in design, style and space available. Our new technology and planting systems is what enables us to adapt and create pseudo walls that are cost effectively installed and designed to fit any space.

Pseudo Greenwalls are an economic way for homeowners to green a space, as rather than applying pre-planted panels, individual pots are secured to the desired space. 

Seven Advantages of Pseudo Greenwalls: 

  1. Mature larger, structural plants can be grown in baskets
  2. Less planting, less irrigation requirements
  3. Can be integrated with a support structure that can have a decorative architectural treatment
  4. The support frame can be positioned behind an architectural screen providing both shade and wind protection for the plants
  5. The moisture retention of inorganic soil allows the plants to survive for an extended period
  6. Planting is less dense per metre square to a true green wall, so costs reduced
  7. Aesthetic appeal

Floating Gabions – The New Way to Green

With the right plant selection, soilless media, and the use of 95% recycled materials for the base, our floating gabions are a great low maintenance solution for stripping nutrient loads from ponds and lakes to add greenspace that is adaptable and easily moved from season to season.

Our founder Mark Paul created his first pond gabion back in 2011 for the pond in his residential greenspace award winning family home. Since then, he has adapted and tested different soilless media to ensure they are lightweight and easily moveable and introduced new materials and design templates to enable commercial use for larger scale projects.  Adding another element to the small ecological systems tailored to the built environment.

Mark explains, “Our gabions are not just a one-size fits all solution as no two spaces are the same, especially when it comes to planting factors such as light, wind and aspect. We are also able to create unique shapes and sizes to ensure the perfect fit for all locations.

“The floating gabions are a great way to and amenity to wet areas, at an affordable cost, with a great outcome. Adding greenery to ponds and lakes not only further enhances the natural beauty of the environment, but also the health benefits of getting out at about or relaxing in the garden,” said Mark.  

Key facts about The Greenwall Company’s Floating Gabions:

  • All bespoke in design and plant pallet
  • Lightweight and easily moveable.  Easy to cut back root and foliage mass 4-5 times yearly to strip and recycle nutrient loads
  • No traditional soil used, patented soilless media made of 97% recycled materials only
  • Minimal maintenance due to media used and plant selection

The Greenwall Company awarded Green Space Residential Award in the 2021 Australian Institute of Horticulture Awards

The Greenwall Company and founder Mark Paul has been announced the winner of The Australian Institute of Horticulture Green Space Residential Award for 2021. The project, Mark’s family home, is a sustainable haven with the ability to be off the grid in the heart of Sydney. 

The home features Mark’s innovative greening designs including greenwalls, greenroofs, Eco Pillows and even removable pond gabions. Mark explains, “When the house was built this garden started with no soil and a sandstone base. Starting at the nature strip the media is the depth of the kerb over sandstone, in fact 200mls is the average soil depth over the entire block. 

“There are 6 large podium planters with one containing a 12,000 litre wetland and pond over the garage. It has greenwalls and greenroofs, rock (lithophytic) and tree plantings (epiphytic). It takes into account amenity, aspect, cultural requirements, view lines and the needs of a family and two boys who need to understand about vegetable gardens, chickens, fish and tadpoles to name a few.” 

The residence houses a collection of plants, either self-grown, collected or received. The front has a nature strip of native grasses and sedges that are cut annually, and the three front planter beds (over rock) have a mainly native planting to blend with the adjacent bushland. In total there are 140 plant species in the greenwall and 240 species on the roof.

The Australian Institute of Horticulture (AIH) recognises the commitment, professionalism and excellence of those who have made a significant contribution to the horticultural industry. This year they received a great number of nominations with many coming from outside of their membership base which highlights the many projects going on around Australia and Singapore that people feel should be acknowledged and recognised. 

“We are thrilled to have received this Award and appreciate the recognition of the 30 plus years I have been involved with the AIH, and the work we have undertaken to find new ways to reclaim the built environment by greening spaces,” said Mark. 

Greenwalls to improve the concentration and wellbeing of university students

Universities across Australia are installing greenwalls in an attempt to increase concentration levels and the wellbeing of campus communities. The Greenwall Company has now worked with a number of universities, including The University of QLD and La Trobe University, to design and install their patented greenwall technology.

Mark Paul, horticulturist and founder of The Greenwall Company says, “There have been a number of studies conducted to prove the benefits of greening community spaces, one of which is improved concentration levels. Over the past three years we have been working closely with a number of universities to create bespoke designs to work within the architecture of the buildings.”

A study conducted by Dr Kate Lee* from the University of Melbourne revealed that glancing out at a greenroof for only 40 seconds markedly boosts concentration. Beyond the increase in concentration levels, greenwalls help to improve air quality, are aesthetically appealing, lower power bills and even act as an insulator. 

In 2013, The University of Queensland introduced their new Global Change Institute Building, which features The Greenwall Company’s unique greenwalls as the key design feature and achieved a six green star rating. A 70m2 panelled greenwall was installed over the air-conditioning vent. This formed part of the air filtration system, allowing the greenwall to clean and purify the air, which facilitates the idea of a “living building”. The greenwall design also included a pond of native rainbow fish with waterplants and a vertical wetland to strip nutrients from the pondwater [a simple ecological system] truly embodied the university’s green ethos and ongoing commitment to sustainability in research and education.

More recently, The Greenwall Company have completed the installation of a greenwall at La Trobe University in Melbourne. On the Healthsciences building Featuring a mainly native planting covering 20 sqm, Mark and the team worked with the students and the universities locally native plant nursery to incorporate plants grown on site.

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